A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Live and Recorded Music-Based Interventions on Pre-operative Stress, Mood, Pain and Biomarkers, in Neurosurgical Patients (Music-STAR Trial)

Description

Primary Objectives:

* To evaluate the effects of the two (live and recorded) prescribed preoperative containing CER on physiologic and perceived stress in patients undergoing Neurosurgery.
* To evaluate the effects of those two music interventions on serum- and plasma-level stress biomarkers and cytokines in those patients.

Secondary Objectives:

• To measure correlative effects of demographic variables, prior musical training, experience, preference, and exposure to music.