Assessment of Stroke Volume in Shock Using Echocardiography Versus Bioreactive Impedance

Description

In this prospective observational study, patients presenting with clinical signs of shock will be enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Stroke volume (SV) will be measured using both transthoracic echocardiography and bioreactance-based noninvasive cardiac output monitoring (Cheetah NICOM). SV will be recorded before and after passive leg raising (PLR) to evaluate the correlation between the two methods in terms of absolute values and directional changes (increase or decrease). No therapeutic intervention will be performed as part of the study; all clinical decisions will remain under the discretion of the treating medical team.